超越原创与典范——康德关于艺术的天才创造思想再阐释

Beyond the Originality and Exemplarity: Reinterpretation on Kant's Artistic Creation

以康德关于艺术天才问题的讨论为切入点,通过分析艺术天才的基本构成要素,亦即作为一种人之自由创造性活动与作为一种超越的、具有创生性之自然的有机统一,重新诠释康德关于艺术创造规范性问题的讨论。康德将天才的创造性活动区分为两个不同的维度:原创性与典范性。因为对于有限的人类知性而言,天才作品的创作法则至今秘而不宣,故而作品表现为一种具有偶发性与原创性的艺术;而天才作品的典范性则要求将自身置入特定的艺术传统中,以一种谦卑而开放的姿态,容许多样艺术风格与流派的存在,以此实现其典范性价值。

In this essay, I argue that a genius＇ s creation consists of a special unity of free human activity and nature, whereby ＇ nature＇ signifies not just another aspect of, but rather something that transcends, creative subjectivity. This interpretation of a genius＇ s creative process throws a new light on a special normative status of a genius＇ s rule, i.e. its originality and exemplarity. With respect to the former, I demonstrate that because the organizing principle of the works of genius remains inscrutable to our limited human understanding, a work of genius appears to the observer＇s limited cognitive capacities as undetermined and, hence, as contingent and original. With respect to the latter, I show how a genius must evolve within the context of her own tradi- tion and how this ＇ humbleness＇ of a genius still allows for a multiplicity of co - existent schools or genres with their own distinct standards of excellence.