小说类型演替略论

On the Development of the Fiction Types

在小说形式本体论视域内,小说史就是类型的演进史。小说的类型演化,主要经历了单一小说类型的自我艺术演进,成熟小说类型的变体、旧小说的消亡和新小说的催生,以及兼类小说和超类型小说等主要路径。小说发展有其自身机制和运作过程,它超越了个体、国族和阶层的主观意志,成为叙事形式律与普遍价值感相互孕生的晶体。同时,小说又受到外部条件的刺激和影响即文化心理传统的渗透、主流意识形态的规训、消费市场成规与读者趣味期待等外在驱力形塑了小说类型的政治生命力、艺术生命力和市场生命力。重视类型演进的基本状况和规律,有助于解放小说观念,发扬艺术民主,促进小说的多元发展。

Within the ontology domain of fiction typology, the history＂ of fiction types is actually the fiction de- velopment annals. The evolution of the Chinese fiction types mainly falls into such categories as the simplex fiction type which advances by itself, the variant of full - blown fiction type, the new birth fiction type based on the demise of the old type, as well as the multi - category types and anti - category types. The driving force of fiction types evolution is derived from the inner fiction techniques driven by art mechanism, from traditional- ly cultural and psychological penetration, from the discipline of the mainstream ideology, from the consumer market conventions and readers＇ reading expectations. Having a good understanding of the basic rules and sit- uation of fiction types helps us possess an unbound fiction conception, develop artistic democracy and boost the development of fiction types.