中国近代以来的三种民族国家设想

Three Nation-state Thoughts Since Modern China

建立民族国家是中国近代以来各种政治力量的共同追求。单一的汉族国家、各民族同化为一的国家和复合型的多元一体国家是近代以来中国的三种民族国家设想。这些设想的提出及实践基本呈现的是一种顺序递进的关系,反映了中国人在构建自己民族国家认识上的不断深化。就民族国家的"民族"而言,两个层次、"多元一体"是一种普遍存在。试图将两个层次的民族单一化或同一化是失败的民族国家构想;而尊重民族多样性的存在,在保留"多元"的前提下打造国家民族"一体化"才是合乎规律的追求。在民族国家建设问题上,复合型的多元一体结构是对同质化的超越,也是对民族主义错误理想的矫正。

Establishing the nation-state has been the common pursuit of all kinds of political powers since modern China . Nation-state of Han , assimilation of all ethnic groups , and unity of diversified and pluralistic groups are the three nation-state thoughts , w hich reflected Chinese people＆#39;s the progressive understanding of establishing their own nation-state . As for the word “nation” , there exists two levels and pluralistic unity . Respecting the existence of diversified ethnic groups , and building up integrated nation based on reserving pluralism are the appropriate pursuit . Therefore ,integration of diversified and pluralistic groups can surpass the homogeneity of single group .