大学生的留守经历与心理韧性、心理病理症状

Relation of left-behind experience to psychological resilience and psychopathological symptoms in couege students

目的:考察大学生样本的留守经历与心理韧性、心理病理症状之间的关系。方法:以某医科院校398名在校大学生为研究对象。本文将留守经历定义为:在个体成长阶段(≤16周岁)由于父母双方或一方离开生源地外出务工,自己留守在家乡,由父或母单亲照顾或托付给其他人照顾。采用青少年心理韧性量表(RSCA)、症状自评量表(SCL-90)和自杀行为问卷修订版(SBQ-R)来测量心理韧性、心理病理症状和自杀风险,其中,SBQ-R总分≥7分,提示有较高的自杀风险。共回收有效问卷343份。结果:116(33.8%)人有一年以上的留守经历;有留守经历大学生的RSCA总均分低于无留守经历的大学生[(3.4±0.5)vs.(3.7±0.4),P<0.001],而SCL-90总均分和SBQ-R得分高于无留守经历的大学生[(1.1±0.7)vs.(0.7±0.4),(5.9±2.6)vs.(4.9±2.1),均P<0.001]。结构方程建模发现,心理韧性部分中介了留守经历与心理病理症状之间的关系(β=0.22,P<0.001)。结论:有留守经历的大学生心理韧性水平可能较低,并可能与个体出现心理病理症状和较高自杀风险相关。

Objective： To examine the relationship of left-behind experience, psychological resilience and psy- chopathological symptoms in college student sample. Method： Totally 398 students were sampled out in a medical university in which 343 finished the survey validly. Left-behind experience was defined in this study as： children were taken care of by one of the parents or entrusted to other caregivers in hometown under hio/her age of 16, when one of or both of their parents left hometown in the countryside for better paid jobs in big cities. The Resilience Scale for Chinese Adolescents （RSCA）, Self-report Symptom Checklist 90 （SCL-90） and Suicidal Behaviors Ques- tionnaire-Revised （SBQ-R） were used to measure psychological resilience, psychopathological symptoms and sui- cidal risks. The SBQ-R total score of 〉17 suggested higher suicidal risks. Results： Totally 116 （33.8%） had 1 year or more left-behind experience. Compared to those who had no left-behind experience, the students who had left-be- hind experience had lower RSCA total score [（3.4 ±0. 5） vs. （3.7 ±0.4）, P 〈0. 001], and higher total scores of SCL-90 and SBQ-R [ （ 1.1 ± 0. 7） vs. （0. 7 ± 0. 4）, （5. 9 ± 2. 6） vs. （4. 9 ± 2. 1 ） ; Ps 〈 0. 001 ]. Structural equation modeling revealed that psychological resilience partially mediated the relation between left-behind experience and psychopathology （β = 0. 22, P 〈 0. 001 ）. Conclusion： It suggests that the college students with left-behind experi-ence may have lower level of psychological resilience, which may be related to the likelihood of individuals to de- velop psychopathology and suicidal risks.