浒苔和江蓠中抑藻活性物质提取初步研究

Extraction of Antialgal Substances from Microalgae Enteromorpha prolifera and Gracilaria lemaneiformis

以浒苔和江蓠干粉末为原料,采用乙醚浸泡和液液萃取分离,制备到8种组分,即浒苔分离组分A、组分B、组分C和组分D以及江蓠分离组分A、组分B、组分C和组分D,得率依次为18.4%,42.6%,27.0%,2.60%以及8.28%,15.2%,46.2%,4.98%。经化合物鉴定试验,发现浒苔分离组分A含有酚酸,组分B含有内酯、香豆素,组分C含有生物碱;江蓠分离组分A和B含有内酯、香豆素,组分C含有生物碱、酚酸和内酯、香豆素。2种海藻分离组分D均未检测出生物碱、酚酸和内酯、香豆素。抑藻活性检测结果表明,浒苔分离组分A、组分C和组分D以及江蓠分离组分B、组分C和组分D对中肋骨条藻表现出明显的抑制作用。第8d,对中肋骨条藻的生长抑制率超过50%。然而,浒苔分离组分B明显促进了中肋骨条藻的生长。更进一步,采用硅胶GF254薄层层析,对浒苔分离组分A、组分B和组分C以及江蓠分离组分B和组分C进行初步分离,确定了适宜展开剂,为后续进行分离纯化奠定了良好的实验基础。

Two kinds of extracts were extracted with ether to study the antialgal substances in Enteromorpha prolifera and Gracilaria lemaneiformis on the growth of the red tide microalgae Skeletonema costatum.The four kinds of fractions （A,B,C and D）were obtained from the dry powders of Enteromorpha prolifera （or Gracilaria lemaneiformis ）by liquid-liquid extraction. Their yield was 18.4%,42.6%,27.0% and 2.60% （8.28%,15.2%,46.2% and 4.98%）re-spectively.The eight fractions were analyzed by compound identification test,and they were i-dentified to contain phenolic acid in fraction A of E.prolifera,lactone and coumarins in fraction B of E.prolifera,and alkaloid in fraction C of E.prolifera.Also,lactone and coumarins were contained in fraction A and B of G.lemaneiformis,and alkaloid,lactone,coumarins and phenolic acid in fraction C of G.lemaneiformis respectively.However,no alkaloid,lactone,coumarins or phenolic acid were detected in fraction D of E.prolifera （or G.lemaneiformis）.Based on the measurement of algal density,the results showed that the three fractions （A,C and D）of E. prolifera and the three fractions （B,C and D）of G.lemaneiformis had the strongest action. The inhibitory effect of S.costatum by those six fractions was beyond 50% in day 8.Besides, fraction B of E.prolifera significantly increased the growth of S.costatum,and these five frac-tions （fraction A,B and C of E.prolifera,and fraction B and C of G.lemaneiformis）were ana-lyzed by silica gel GF254 thin-layer chromatography and the appropriate developing agent for sub-sequent separation and purification was determined.This study can provide solid experiment foundation for further studies.