施肥与光照强度对冬小麦田杂草野老鹳草和大巢菜生长及竞争的影响

The Effects of Fertilization and Light Intensity on the Growth and Competition of Winter Wheat Weeds Geranium carolinianum and Vicia sativa

为了研究施肥及光照强度对冬小麦田杂草的影响,以有效利用施肥模式综合治理冬小麦田间优势杂草。通过盆栽试验,研究了施肥对2种冬小麦田主要杂草野老鹳草(Geranium carolinianum)和大巢菜(Vicia sativa)种子萌发的影响,以及不同光照强度下施肥对2种杂草生长及竞争的影响。结果表明,野老鹳草种子与大巢菜种子相比,萌发起始较早,萌发较快,萌发率也较高。在萌发的过程中不同营养元素对2种杂草种子萌发的作用不同,并且混合播种时大巢菜种子比野老鹳草种子表现出了更强的竞争力。不同光照条件影响施肥对2种杂草生长的作用,在2种杂草竞争的情况下,随着光照强度的降低野老鹳草对各营养元素的竞争力逐渐增强,表现出了更强的适应性。由以上结果可知,2种杂草在不同生长发育阶段对养分元素的竞争能力差异较大,并且不同光照条件可以改变2种杂草对养分元素的竞争,这就为农业生产中合理施肥进行田间杂草综合防治提供了可能。

In order to study the effects of fertilization and light intensity on weeds in winter wheat field and effectively utilize fertilization modes comprehensive manage winter wheat field advantage weeds, pot experiments were carried out to study the effects of fertilization on seed germination of winter wheat weeds Geranium carolinianum and Vicia sativa, and the effects of fertilization on the growth and competition of the two weed species under different light intensities. The results showed that Geranium carolinianum seed germinated faster and had a higher rate of germination, and its germination started earlier, too. And in the processes of seed germination, Vicia sativa seed was more competitive than Geranium carolinianum seed. Different lighting conditions affected the role of fertilization on the growth of the two weed species. In the ease of the two weed species competition, with the reduction of light intensity Geranium carolinianum showed a strong competitiveness for the nutrient elements at different growth stages. Above results showed that therelatively large competitiveness differences of nutrient elements of the nutrient elements competition change of different lighting conditions two weeds in different growth stages and the on the two weeds provided possibility for integrated weed preventing in agriculture by rational fertilization.