农村妇女对传统性别分工的态度及其影响因素分析

The Analysis of Rural Women's Attitudes toward Traditional Gender Division of Labor and Its Influencing Factors

随着经济社会的发展和进步,农村妇女的社会及家庭地位不断提高,但"男主女从""男主外、女主内"等传统性别观念在农村地区仍然根深蒂固。第三期中国妇女社会地位调查数据显示,近七成的农村妇女对"男人应该以社会为主,女人应该以家庭为主"的说法表示认同,认同率比10年前明显提高,在一定程度上表明性别观念出现向传统回归的态势。同时,农村妇女关于性别分工的态度还呈现出明显的群体差异,其中受教育程度较高的女性、年轻女性和有外出务工经历的女性关于性别分工的态度更加平等和进步,对"男人应该以社会为主,女人应该以家庭为主"的认同比例相对较低。研究表明,受教育年限、年龄、职业、外出务工经历、自我能力评价、区域和母亲受教育程度等因素,对农村妇女关于性别分工的态度具有显著影响。

With the development of the economy and the society, the rural women＇s social and family status has been continuously improved. However, the traditional gender stereotypes like ＂subordination of female to male＂ remains ingrained in China＇s rural areas. The data from the third survey on Chinese women＇s social status shows that nearly 70% of the rural women agree that ＂men should manage the external affairs while women ought to take charge of the internal ones ＂, which has significantly increased over a decade. Meanwhile, the attitude toward gender division of labor demonstrates a significant difference between different groups of rural women. For instance, the rural women who are well-educated, young or have working experience in city keep relatively low level of recognition about the idea that ＂men should manage the external affairs while women ought to take charge of the internal ones＂. It is found the influencing factors of the rural women＇s attitudes toward gender division of labor include the years of education, age, occupation, working experience in city, evaluation of self - ability, area as well as their mother＇s education level.