小儿骶管应用左旋布比卡因复合舒芬太尼对术后镇痛作用的观察

Clinical effect of sufentanil and levobupivacaine on postoperative analgesia in pediatric caudal block anesthesia

目的 观察小儿骶管应用左旋布比卡因复合舒芬太尼对术后镇痛的影响.方法 收集2010年4月至2011年4月在我院住院的2-6岁择期行下腹部、会阴和下肢手术60例患儿.随机分成左旋布比卡因组（Ⅰ组）和左旋布比卡因复合不同浓度舒芬太尼组（Ⅱ组）和（Ⅲ组）,每组20例.入室后开放静脉通路,监测平均动脉压（MAP）、心率（HR）及脉搏血氧饱和度（SpO2）.麻醉诱导均采用静脉注射氯胺酮1 mg/kg,异丙酚2 mg/kg,置人喉罩进行机械通气.然后行骶管穿刺,成功后Ⅰ组注入0.25％左旋布比卡因,Ⅱ组注入0.25％左旋布比卡因与舒芬太尼0.5μg/ml混合液,Ⅲ组注入0.25％左旋布比卡因与舒芬太尼1.0 μg/ml混合液,三组均按l ml/kg缓慢注入.分别于术后2、4、8、12、16、24h观察镇痛效果,记录镇痛评分、镇痛时间、苏醒时间及不良反应.结果 术后4、8、12 h镇痛评分Ⅱ组和Ⅲ组明显低于Ⅰ组,差异有统计学意义（P＜0.05）;术后8h镇痛评分Ⅲ组低于Ⅱ组,差异有统计学意义（P＜0.05）;术后2、16、24h的镇痛评分三组相比差异无统计学意义（P＞0.05）;Ⅱ组和Ⅲ组的镇痛时间明显长于Ⅰ组（P＜0.05）,Ⅲ组比Ⅱ组的镇痛时间明显延长（P＜0.05）,三组患儿术后苏醒时间差异无统计学意义（P＜0.05）,三组患儿术后均无呼吸抑制.Ⅱ和Ⅲ组各有1例患儿在术后出现面部皮肤瘙痒及1例患儿出现运动阻滞,术后约3h运动功能完全恢复,Ⅲ组有1例患儿在术后出现恶心呕吐.结论 0.25％左旋布比卡因复合0.5 μg/ml及1.0μg/ml舒芬太尼均可安全应用于小儿骶管麻醉及术后镇痛,且可增强术后镇痛效果,延长左旋布比卡因镇痛持续时间,不良反应少,而复合1.0μg/ml舒芬太尼组的术后镇痛效果更好.

Objective To invetigate the effect and safety of sufentanil mixed levobupivacaine on postoperative analgesia in pediatric caudal block anesthesia.Method Sixty pediatric patients （2 ～ 6 years old） who were undergoing elective abdominal surgery,such as repair hernia of high ligation,were randomly divided into three groups with 20 cases each.after intravenous induction,0.25％ levobupivacaine was injected in sacrum tube in group Ⅰ,0.5 μg/ml sufentanil mixed 0.25％ levobupivacaine and 1.0 μg/ml sufentanil mixed 0.25％ levobupivacaine were injected in sacrum tube in group Ⅱ and group Ⅲ respectively.The analgesia effect,the analgesia time,recover time and adverse reaction were observed and recorded 2,4,8,12,16,24 hours after the surgery.Results The analgesia effect in group Ⅱ、Ⅲ were significantly better than the group Ⅰ when 4、8、12 hours after the operation（P ＜0.05）,and the analgesia effect in groupⅢ were significantly better than the group Ⅱ when 8 hours after the operation （P ＜ 0.05）.There were no significant differences in three groups when 2、16、24 hours after the operation（P ＞0.05）,the analgesia time in group Ⅱ、Ⅲ were significantly longer than the group Ⅰ （P ＜ 0.05）,and the analgesia time in group Ⅲ were significantly longer than the group Ⅱ （P ＜ 0.05）.There were no differences in the recovery time of three groups （P ＞ 0.05）.There were no adverse reactions in three groups.Conclusions 0.5 μg/ml and 1.0 μg/ml sufentanil mixed 0.25％ levobupivacaine may be used on postoperative analgesia in pediatric caudal block anesthesia safely and analgesia effect and time were more better and longer than 0.25％ levobupivacaine singly.The analgesia effect in group with 1.0μg/ml sufentanil mixed 0.25％ levobupivacaine was the best in three groups with the fewest side effects.