美国联邦职业教育法案:多元立法主体多重博弈的典型案例

On the Federal Vocational Education Act in the USA:A Typical Case of Multiple Gaming of Plural Legislative Subjects

美国宪法将创制和参与立法的权力分配给了多个主体。立法主体的多元性以及立法过程中权力的相互制衡性,使几乎所有的联邦法案都成了多元立法主体多重博弈、相互妥协的结果。美国联邦1963年《职业教育法》的创制过程鲜明体现了以上特征。通过对该案例的分析,可以在体会美国联邦立法制度精神实质的基础上为完善我国立法制度提供借鉴。

The Constitution gives power of legislative initiative and legislative participation to plural legislative subjects in the USA. Due to the diversity of legislative subjects and balance of powers, nearly all of the Federal Vocational Education Acts are produced by multiple gaming and mutual concession of plural subjects. The Vocational Education Act of 1963 clearly reflected the above characteristics. Through analysis on the case, it can not only catch the spirit of the Federal legislation in the USA, but also give advices to the improvement of vocational education legislation in China.