心智语义场理论的形成过程及其学术背景——揭开“结构主义语义学”的第一个谜

The Formation of Mental Semantic Field and Its Base——A Solution to the First Maze of Structuralist Semantics

通常认为,结构语义学理论是将索绪尔的结构主义延伸至语义领域而产生的。本研究尝试揭开"结构主义语义学"的第一个谜:语义场理论的形成过程及其学术背景。根据文献梳理:(1)伊普森(1924)首次提出语义场理论,魏斯格贝尔(1927)进一步加以阐述;特里尔(1931)提出的聚合场和波尔齐希(1934)提出的组合场,构成了完整理论;(2)马赛克模式和星状模式是语义场的两个典型模式;(3)心智语义场产生的学术背景是新洪堡特主义、民族心理学思潮和格式塔心理场论。因此,我们认为,心智语义场理论本质上是"新洪堡特主义语义学",而不是"结构主义语义学"。

It is generally considered that structuralist semantics is the result of the extension of Saussure＇ s structuralism to semantic field. The current study aims to solve the first maze of ＂structuralist semantics＂ that how the semantic field formed and what＇ s the base. Three main points are clarified through organizing literature ： （ 1 ） It is Gunther Ipsen （1924） who raised ＂semantic field （Bedeutungsfeld）＂ for the first time. Leo Weisgerber （1927） richened this notion by giving further explanations and it was not completely established as a theory until the appearance of Jost Trier＇ s paradigmatic analysis （ 1931 ） and Walter Porzig＇ s syn- tagmatic analysis （1934）. （2） ＂Mosaic＂ and ＂star-like conception＂ are two typical models in the theory of semantic field. （3） Neo-Humboldtianism, ethnopsychology and gestalt are the bases of the theory of semantic field. The nature of mental semantic field in German semantics is Neo-Humboldtian rather than Saussurean structuralism.