非真话语的积极语用功效探微——兼论语用隐喻观对传统非真话语研究的修补

On the Positive Pragmatic Effects of Artificial Utterances——Pragmatic Metaphor's Remedy for the Traditional Research

在非真话语(deception,DEC)语用策略传统研究的基础上,本文尝试用Artificial Utterances(简称AU)作为非真话语的新术语,囊括传统研究的DEC以及DEC以外的其他非真话语,对其定义和DEC以外的非真话语运用的目的、交际双方的认可度及结果进行探究。笔者认为,传统研究中人们运用非真话语作为积极语用策略时,许多场合已经与谎言和假话的本质发生了偏离。对DEC以外的非真话语进行研究,尤其是对语用隐喻视角下非真话语的交际魅力、交际中的情感认同、交际中的礼貌功效、交际中的保护效应、交际中委婉语的运用以及强大的描写功用等积极语用功效的探微表明,DEC以外非真话语的积极运用是人们日常生活中不可或缺的语用策略,是值得研究的新领域。

On the basis of the pragmatic strategy of DEC （Deception） in the traditional research, this paper, with Artificial Utterances （ shortened as AU） as a new term, including DEC and other AU, attempts to explore its concept, the purpose of AU＇ s applica- tion beyond DEC, the degree of acceptance by communicators as well as the consequence. It argues that, when some DEC is used as a positive strategy, its essence has changed. Researches on such AU beyond DEC, from perspective of pragmatic meta- phor, especially on such positive pragmatic effects as successful communicativeness, emotive convergence, politeness, protec- tiveness, use of euphemism, and descriptiveness have proven that the positive use of AU beyond DEC is really indispensable in daily life, which is a new important research domain.