论美国政府信息公开诉讼的审查标准及启示

The Standard for Judicial Review in Freedom of Information Act Suits and It' s Inspiration

美国《信息自由法》规定,对行政机关拒绝公开信息的决定,法院应进行重新审查。但由于受到行政机关的专门知识、司法经济考虑和法官对《信息自由法》的排斥等因素的影响,法院并没有进行真正意义上的重新审查,而是大量地尊重行政机关有关免除公开的决定,这种情况在《信息自由法》第1项、第3项、第7(A)项免除公开条款适用中表现得特别突出。探讨美国政府信息公开司法审查标准对我国完善相关制度应有所启示。

The Freedom of Information Act provides that the court should conduct a de novo review when the agencies withhold information disclosure. Because of the impacts of the factors such as the agency＇s expertise, judicial economy consideration, hostility of judges toward FOIA, the court doesnt conduct a de novo review in true meaning, while abundantly deference to agency decisions to withhold information, especially in the application of Exemption 1, Exemption3 and Exemption 7 （A）. The discussion of the standard for judicial review in freedom of information act suits will inspire our country to improve related systems.