龙葵果花色苷的提取工艺研究

Study on the optimal extraction conditions of anthocyanin from the fruit of Solanum nigrum L.

目的:筛选提取龙葵果花色苷的最佳溶剂,运用响应面法优化其提取工艺。方法:选取14种溶剂对龙葵果进行提取,分析不同提取物中总酚、黄酮和花色苷的得率与抗氧化性之间的相关性。在单因素的基础上,运用全因子实验设计、最陡爬坡实验和中心组合实验设计进行响应面分析。结果:60%乙醇为最佳提取溶剂,其中总酚、黄酮和花色苷的得率分别为(1.99±0.03)、(1.02±0.01)、(0.82±0.02)mg/g。其对ABTS+·和·OH的清除率分别为88.18%±0.59%和82.45%±0.59%,总抗氧化能力为(5.45±0.06)mmol/L FeSO4当量。总酚、黄酮和花色苷的得率与抗氧化性之间的相关性大小为:总酚>黄酮>花色苷。最佳提取工艺条件为pH 1.0,温度29℃,时间85.5min,料液比1∶25,在此条件下进行龙葵果花色苷的提取,花色苷得率为(0.86±0.05)mg/g。结论:利用响应面法确定的最佳条件合理,实验预测值与实际值偏差较小,该工艺可应用于龙葵果中花色苷的提取。

Objective： The best solvent to extract anthocyanins from Solanum nigrum L. fruits and the optimal extraction condition were obtained.Methods： 14 kinds of solvents were chosen to extract.The correlation between yield of total phenols,fiavonoids, anthocyanins and antioxidant activity was analyzed.Based on the single-factor test analysis,the full factorial design, steepest ascent design and central composite design for response surface analysis were applied.Results.60% ethanol was the best solvent to extract anthocyanins from Solanum nigrum L. fruits.The content of total phenols,flavonoids and anthocyanins from 60% ethanol extract was （ 1.99 ± 0.03） mg/g, （ 1.02 ±0.01 ） mg/g, （0.82 ± 0.02） mg/g, respectively.The ABTS. and OH scavenging activity was up to 88.18%±0.59% ,82.45% ± 0.59%, respectively.The ferric reducing antioxidant capacity of the extracts was （5.45 ± 0.06） mmol/L equivalent to FeSQ.The correlation between yield and antioxidant activity： total phenols 〉 flavonoids 〉 anthocyanin.The best extraction technology of anthocyanins from Solanum nigrum L. was as follows： pill.O, temperature 29℃,time 85.5min and liquid-solid ratio 1：25.On this extraction condition,the content of Solanum nigrum L.anthocyanins was（0.86 ±0.05）mg/g.Conclusion ：The obtained model was credible and could be used for extraction of anthocyanins from Solanum nigrum L.fruits.