历史视角中的美国和世界的危机

THE US AND WORLD CRISIS IN HISTORICAL PERSPECTIVE

新古典宏观经济学和数理金融学都没能预期到2008年的这场危机,也没能解释为何这场危机是如此严重。这是因为他们只考虑纯粹的市场经济,完全不考虑制度,也缺乏分析当代经济的历史视角和结构变迁的视角。这就为政治经济学的分析留下了空间。分析从福特制结束以来的社会—政治联盟的变迁开始,转向以金融体制、金融自由化和全球化为基础的市场,赋予国际金融家以前所未有的权力,并导致了当前的经济和金融危机。控制金融部门要求当权者强有力的行动,以及公民的社会运动施压。金融再调节基本等同于民族国家与国际金融资本的博弈。

The new classical macroeconomics and mathematical finance have both failed to anticipate the present crisis or explain why the present crisis is so severe. This is because they only considered pure market economies devoid of institutions and without concern for historical and structural transformations in contemporary economies. This opens the door to a political economy analysis of the transformation sin socio-political alliances since the demise of the Fordist growth regime. The shift toward market-based financial systems, financial liberalization, and globalization, gave unprecedented power to international finan- ciers and has led to the current economic and financial crisis. Controlling finance requires resolute action by public authorities and the pressure of citizen social movements. Financial re-regulation is closely related to the relative bargaining power of nation-states and international finance.