权力对认知的影响:启发式还是分析式?

The Effect of Power on Cognition: Heuristic or Analytic?

权力对信息加工方式的影响成为权力领域研究的新焦点。一般认为,权力使得个体减少对他人和环境的依赖,进而引发简单化的信息加工取向,高权力者常因认知懒惰而采用启发式信息加工策略,然而这与现实情境中高权力者面对复杂的决策环境、做出较好的决策结果的情况不符。事实上,权力既可能产生启发式认知也可能产生分析式认知,但都更受情境的影响。文章从双系统模型的视角对信息加工过程中权力效应的研究进行梳理,并探讨了权力引发不同信息加工方式的调节变量。最后,文章从权力对认知影响的内在机制、角色分配、权力动态变化对认知影响等方面,讨论了现有现有研究的不足,并分析探讨了该领域今后的研究趋势。

Recently, many intriguing studies of power in the perspective of social cognition had been proposed. It was generally acknowledged that power induced a simplified processing orientation that focused on single sources of information and that high power individuals always adopted heuristic strategy for information processing because of cognitive laziness. However, this was inconsistent with the fact that high power individuals were always faced with a complex decision environment and made good decisions. Actually, the effect of power on heuristic versus analytic cognition depended on the primary factors that was triggered by the situation. This paper made a review of the studies about the effect of power on information processing style from the perspective of dual- system model. Then, we put forward that the relationship between power and information processing style was mediated by other factors. Finally, the future research tendencies, including the mechanism of the effect of power on cognition, the principles of assigning roles and the effect of dynamic changes of power on cognition were discussed.