黑河流域中游沙漠风能环境与风沙地貌

Dune Field Patterns and Wind Environments in the Middle Reaches of the Heihe Basin

在黑河流域中游，沙漠分布在绿洲附近或绿洲之间。近年来，由于气候变化和人类活动的影响，该地区的生态与环境恶化。目前，虽然对该地区的生态与环境等问题进行了大量的研究，但关于绿洲及沙漠风能环境的研究较少。本文利用自动气象站的风资料、环境减灾卫星影像（HJ-1A/B）和Google Earth高清影像，对黑河流域中游沙漠的风能环境与风沙地貌进行探讨。结果表明：黑河流域中游沙漠的北部为高风能环境（〉400），中部为中风能环境（200～400），南部为低风能环境（〈200）；合成输沙势方向总体为东南方向，但在不同区域有所差异；方向变率在北部和中部属于中等变率，南部属于低变率。内陆河流域下游的冲积-洪积物是该地区沙漠形成的物质基础。风能环境与风况对风沙地貌沙丘的形成起着重要作用，但沙源供应对沙丘形态特征的作用不可忽略，在相同的风况下，新月形沙丘（链）、格状沙丘和金字塔沙丘可能共同存在，造成这种格局的主要原因在于沙源的供应程度，按新月形沙丘（链）—格状沙丘—金字塔沙丘顺序，沙源供应逐渐增加。研究区的沙丘类型包括新月形沙丘链、格状沙丘、灌丛沙丘、沙垄、金字塔沙丘、线形沙丘等。

In the Middle reach of the Heihe Basin, desert is scattered distributed in the neighborhood or the inter-region of oasis of inland river basin. Recently, because of climate change and human activities in this region, oasis degraded, eco-environment deterioration, so, the environment of oasis and desert in this region need to be understood. Automatic weather station wind regime data, Moonlet Datum on Environment and Calamity Monitoring Forecast （HJ-1A/B） imagery and Google Earth high resolution imagery are used to analyze wind energy environment and dune field pattern in the Hexi Corridor Desert in this paper. The result indicated that wind energy environment can be divided into three regions, north region belong to high wind energy environment, middle region belong to intermediate, and south region belong to low. The resultant sand drift potential direction is from northwestern. Directional variability in the north and middle region belong to intermediate, but in the south, it belong to low. In the study region, dune field pattern conclude barchan dunes, reticulate dunes, pyramid dunes, linear dunes, shrub-coppice dunes, and sand-ridges. Wind region and wind energy environment control the formation of dune field patterns, but sand supply is also very important to dune formation. In the same wind regime, barchan dunes, reticulate dunes and pyramid dunes coexist, which is may caused by sand supply richness, from barchan dunes to reticulate dunes and pyramid dunes, sand supply increased.