不同磷水平和添加剂日粮对猪生长及粪氮磷排放的影响

Effects of Different Phosphorus Level and Additives in the Diets of Pigs on N and P Pollutant in Excrement

为规模养猪场猪的科学养殖和粪氮磷减排控制提供科学依据,选取20kg左右健康的三元杂交猪(杜×长×大),进行了不同磷水平和添加剂日粮对猪生长及粪氮磷排放的影响试验。结果表明:1)随着日粮磷水平的提高,生长猪采食量和日增重相应上升,而料肉比下降,但组间差异不显著(P>0.05)。添加酶他富、芯来旺II和蛋氨酸螯合锌后,生长猪采食量增加,增幅分别为2.20%、2.74%和1.67%,与对照组(0.25%磷水平日粮组,下同)差异不显著(P>0.05);日增重明显增加,增幅分别为18.46%、21.59%和13.35%,与对照组差异显著(P<0.05);料肉比下降,降幅分别为14.14%、15.52%和13.34%,与对照组差异显著(P<0.05)。2)随着日粮中磷水平的提高,生长猪粪氮磷排放量呈上升趋势,但组间差异不显著(P>0.05);添加酶他富、芯来旺II和蛋氨酸螯合锌后,生长猪粪氮、磷排放量明显下降,降幅相应为16.71%、28.41%、22.22%和20.12%、23.83%、22.24%,与对照组均差异显著(P<0.05),但不同添加剂组间差异不显著(P>0.05)。在基础日粮中添加饲料添加剂不仅能提高猪生长性能,而且能显著降低猪粪的氮磷排放,其中,以添加芯来旺II(0.2g/kg日粮)的效果最好。

To provide the scientific basis for control of nitrogen and phosphorus emissions of piggery excreta in Guizhou Province,an experiment was conducted to study the effects of different phosphorus level and additives in the diets of pigs on N and P pollutant in excrement.Results：1）With the increases of phosphorus level of dietary,the feed intakes and daily weight gains of growing pigs were increased,while the feed conversion ratio was decreased, but there were no significant differences in three groups （P ＆gt;0.05）.Adding with feed additives（natuphos,synlac II and methionine chelated zinc）,the feed intakes of growing pigs was slightly increased,which the increase rates were 2.20%,2.74% and 1.67%respectively,but no significant difference with the control group （P ＆gt;0.05）.The average daily gains was increased significantly,which the increase rates were 18.46%,21.59% and 13.35% respectively,and there were the significant difference with the control group （P ＆lt;0.05）.The feed conversion ratio were decreased either,which the decreased rates were 14.14%,15.52% and 13.34% respectively,and there were significant difference with the control group （P ＆lt;0.05）.2）With the increases of phosphorus level of dietary,the emissions of nitrogen and phosphorus in the growing pigs were increased,but there were no significant differences in three groups （P ＆gt; 0.05 ）.Adding with feed additives （natuphos,synlac II and methionine chelated zinc）,the emissions of nitrogen and phosphorus in pig manures were decreased significantly,which the decrease rates were 16.71%/28.41%,22.22%/20.12% and 23.83%/22.24%respectively,and there were significant differences accordingly with the control group （P ＆lt;0.05）,but no significant differences in the different additives groups （P ＆gt;0.05）.These results indicated that adding feed additives in diets can improve the growth performance of pigs and reduce significantly emissions of pig manure nitrogen and phosphorus,and synlac II（0.2 g/kg diet）had the best effect.