水氮耦合对黑河中游加工番茄产量和品质的影响

Effects of water and nitrogen coupling on the fruit yield and quality of Lycopersicon esculentum in the middle reaches of the Heihe River

试验以加工番茄‘里格尔87-5’为材料,采用二因素随机区组设计,设充分灌溉(CK)、轻度亏缺灌溉和中度亏缺灌溉3个水分梯度,设低氮、中氮、高氮3个氮素水平,探讨土壤水分亏缺的程度和氮素水平对番茄果实产量和品质的影响.结果表明:番茄果实产量为轻度亏水及中氮组合处理下最高,中度亏缺灌溉、施氮量过低或过高都不利于番茄果实产量的形成;中度亏水高氮组合显著提高番茄果实干物质和可溶性固形物含量;中氮水平下轻度和中度亏水处理均能显著提高果实番茄红素和果实抗坏血酸含量.综合认为,最优的水氮配比为轻度亏水中氮水平和中度亏水中氮水平的组合.

To promote the development of water-saving agriculture in the midstream of Heihe,we con- ducted an experiment on Lycopersicon esculentum cv. ＇Riegel 87-5 ＇ to study the effects of water and nitro- gen coupling on the open field of tomato in Linze County in the midstream of Heihe. Double factors ran- domized block design was adopted and three water gradients,full irrigation,light deficit irrigation and me- dium defficit irrigation were arranged. Meanwhile, three nitrogen levels, low nitrogen,medium nitrogen and high nitrogen were also set to study the effects of water stress and nitrogen level on the fruit yield and quality of tomato. The results showed that tomato had the highest yield in field with light hydropenia and medium nitrogen. Medium deficit irrigation,low or high nitrogen level were not good for the fruit yields of tomato. Applying medium deficit irrigation together with high nitrogen could remarkably increase the con- tent of dry matter and soluble solids of tomato. Applying light or medium deficit irrigation under the condi- tion of medium nitrogen could greatly increase the content of lycopene and ascorbic acid of the fruit. In summary,the best water-nitrogen formulas were light deficit irrigation with medium nitrogen and medium defficit irrigation with medium nitrogen.