近十年生态工程在中国的进展

Advances of Ecological Engineering in China in the Past Decade.

我国生态工程近 1 0多年有进一步发展 ,研究和应用对象扩展为社会 -经济 -自然复合生态系统 ,目标明确为可持续发展 ,从追求一维的经济增长或环境与自然保护 ,走向富裕、健康、文明三维一体的复合生态繁荣。在充实“整体、协调、循环、自生”的生态工程原理和生态控制论的基础上 ,总结出生态工程设计的 8项原则。方法论发展为从物理过程的量化走向生态过程的序化 ,从工程结构的优化走向生态格局的进化 ,从机器的人工智能走向人的生态智能。技术路线发展了硬件、软件、心件耦合 ;多学科、多技术的系统组合 ;调控复合生态系统全生态过程 ;寓环境保护于生产和消费中 ,寓废弃物处理于利用中 ;结构和功能纵横耦合成食物链网式、生命周期式。

China has witnessed great advances in ecological engineering in the past decade. The objective of the study has expanded to cover the entire social economic and natural complex ecosystem,oriented for sustainable development ,benefit to both human society and nature,harmonized development of the economy and the environment ,and shift from the one dimensional pursuit of economic growth or environment and nature conservation to a three dimensional one of prosperity of a three in one complex ecology comprising wealth(growth and accumulation of both economic and ecological assets),health(physical and intellectual integrity of the people and sound service function and metabolism of the ecosystem)and culture(material,spiritual and ecological civilization). Based on the four consummated rationales of integrity(of time,space and function),harmony(symbiosis and co evolution), recycling (material and information feedback)and spontaneity(competition and self regulation),and eco cybernetics,eight principles for ecological engineering designing have been derived. Its methodology has developed from physical quantification to ecological seriation,from optimization of engineering structure to evolution of ecological patterns,and from mechanical artificial intelligence to human ecological intelligence.Its technical route has been developed to include coupling of hardware,software and mindware,combination of multi disciplinary and multi technological systems ,regulation of the entire ecological course of the compound ecosystem,expression of environment protection in production and consumption and of waste disposal in utilization,and vertical and horizontal coupling of structure with function into food chain network,life cyclenetwork and ecosystem network. Moreover,its application scope has been expanding to a variety of fields.