中国七城市两乡镇 3--11 岁儿童铁缺乏及贫血状况调查

Analysis on the iron deficiency and the rate of anemia of 3-11 year old children in 7 cities and 2 countryside in China

目的了解中国不同城市和农村3～11岁儿童的铁缺乏及贫血现况，并探讨相关影响因素。方法采用多阶段分层随机整群抽样方法在北京、沈阳、苏州、郑州、成都、兰州和广州等7个城市和河北省两个乡镇（平原、山区）各随机抽取1个幼儿园和1个小学，并随机抽取幼儿园小班、中班、大班、小学2年级和5年级各一个班，将班内所有健康儿童作为研究对象抽血检测其血铁含量和红细胞参数。结果共在7城市2农村调查儿童1863人。不同年龄组间血铁偏低率差异有统计学意义（P〈0．001），随着年龄的增加血铁偏低率逐渐降低，3～4岁和4～5岁儿童的血铁偏低率分别高达47．1％和38．2％。不同年龄之间贫血率差异存在显著性（P〈0．001），3～4岁和4～5岁儿童的贫血率显著高于5～6岁年龄组，分别为4．0％和7．1％。同一年龄组不同性别儿童血铁偏低率和贫血率差异均无统计学意义。乡镇儿童贫血率高达12％，显著高于一线城市和二线城市儿童的贫血率。结论儿童铁缺乏症和贫血虽然较以往有了明显改善，但仍然比较严重，特别是血铁含量偏低儿童和农村地区儿童应该是未来重点干预的对象。

Objective To investigate the status of iron deficiency and the rate of anemia of 3 -11 year-old children in Chinese cities and countryside and explore the possible related influencing factors. Methods The multistage stratified cluster random sampling was used to select one kindergarten and one primary school in seven cities （Beijing, Shenyang, Suzhou, Zhengzhou, Chengdu, Lenzhou and Guangzhou） and two countryside randomly in Hebei Province. one bottom class, middle class, top class in one kindergarten and one second grade and fifth grade in one primary school were selected randomly. All of the healthful students of these classes were investigated and the element iron and the parameters of red blood cell were detected. Results 1863 students in 7 cities and 2 countryside were investigated in the research. The incidence of iron deficiency of different ages had statistical significance and with the age increasing, the incidence showed a decreasing trend. The incidences of iron deficiency were 47. 1% and 38.2% in 3 -4 year-old children and 4 -5 year-old children, respectively. The incidence of anemia of different ages had statistical significance. The incidences of anemia of 3 - 4 year-old children and 4 - 5 year-old children were significantly higher than those of 5 - 6 year-old children. The incidences of anemia were 4.0% and 7. 1% in 3 -4 year-old children and 4 -5 year-old children, respectively. No statistical significance for different sex of the same age was found for iron deficiency and anemia incidence. The incidence （ 12% ） of anemia of the children in countryside area was significantly higher than those in first-tier cities and second-tier cities. Conclusion The status of iron deficiency and the rate of anemia of 3 - 11 year-old children in Chinese cities and countryside were improved recently, but still serious. It should be paid more attention to the children with lower serum iron content and the children in rural areas.