喀斯特城市石漠苔藓植物多样性及水土保持

Diversity of the Bryophytes and Their Roles in Soil and Water Conservation in Karst City Rocky Desertification

喀斯特城市石漠现象已成为中国西南喀斯特地区不可忽视的突出环境问题之一,以贵阳市为例探究喀斯特城市不同石漠地区苔藓物种多样性及其成土保水能力。结果显示,该城市石漠环境记录藓类植物有11科23属45种,未见苔类和角苔类。苔藓小生境和生活型多样性较单一,物种多样性较低,与人为干扰频度、石漠化程度及生存环境有着密切关系。苔藓水土保持功能在不同生活型和同种生活型下均无显著性差异,三种优势藓类成土量和最大持水量分别为北地对齿藓(387.35g/m2,1 899.53g/m2)>穗枝赤齿藓(164.35g/m2,1 398.3g/m2)>土生真藓(111.45g/m2,684.42g/m2),对植被恢复具有潜在意义,可作为喀斯特石漠化地区植被恢复及防治水土流失的优势物种。

Karst city rocky desertification phenomenon has been one of the important ecological and environ mental problems in southwest karst areas of China. This study took Guiyang City as an example to explore the bryophyte diversity and its function of soil and water conservation in typical city rocky desertification area. The results showed that 45 taxa belonging to 23 genera and 11 families were reported in the study area. Liverworts and hornwort were not found. The diversity of bryophyte habitat and life-form are simple. The species diversity is low, and it has a close relationship with human activities, rocky desertification degree and the living environment. The regularity of three dominant moss soil quantity and maximum water-holding ca pacityis in the sequence of Didymodon falla;r（387.35 g/m2, 1 899.53 g/m2）;Erythrodontiumjulaceum （164.35 g/m2, 1 398.3 g/m2）;Bryumtuberosum（111.45 g/m2, 684.42 g/m2）. Three mosses have high a bility to absorb and reserve water. Besides, they have great effect on pedogenesis, and have potential significance for vegetation restoration. Therefore, they can be used as dominant plant for vegetation restoration in karst rocky desertification area. And they also can be used to prevent water and soil erosion in karst rocky desertification area.