基于MPI的典型西南山区耕地空间分布影响因素研究——以重庆石柱县为例

Analysis on Influencing Factors of Cultivated Land Based on MPI in Typical Southwest Mountain Area——Taking Shizhu County of Chongqing as Example

以重庆市石柱县2011年土地利用变更调查数据库为基础，采用景观格局指数中的平均邻近指数（MPI），定性分析耕地的空间分布特征；综合运用空间两数拟合方法、可达距离函数、地形位指数和分布指数，研究居民点、公路、农村道路以及水域对耕地的影响机理，分析耕地基于地形梯度的分布特征。结果表明：重庆市石柱县耕地空间分布特征总体表现为聚集式分布；居民点、公路、农村道路和水域对拂地的空间分布都起着不同程度的吸引作用，居民点对耕地分布的影响最大；各因素对耕地的影响程度和机理不同，居民点、农村道路和水域对耕地的影响属于小范同高程度式，公路对耕地存在大范围低程度的影响；地形因子对耕地的空间分布具有限制作用，耕地主要集中分布在100～1200m高程和0～25°坡度的区域内，且更倾向于分布在低高程和低坡度区域。文章旨在为西南地区土地开发、整理和复垦的选址提供参考和依据，并以期能为其他地区进行耕地开发和整理的选址提供研究思路和方法。

Chongqing is a typical mountainous area in southwest China. Utility systems including land ticket, requisition-compensation balance, connection between the increase of rural construction land and the decrease of urban construction land, are influencing the land use and man-land relationship of Chongqing. This paper takes Shizhu County of Chongqing as an example. This study analyzed spatial distribution characteristic of cultivated land based on change investigation database of Shizhu County land use in 2011 and MPI of land scape metrics. The Origin software was used to fit the function. This paper identified how the residential areas, roads, rural roads and rivers influence the cultivated land. It also combined with terrain niche index and distribution index to study the terrain how to affect cultivated land. The results show that cultivated land in Shizhu of Chongqing generally presents aggregated distribution pattern. Residential areas, roads, rural roads and waters impact the spatial distribution of cultivated land at different degrees. The influence degree and mechanism of these factors are different. The influence of residential areas, rural roads and waters on culti vated land belongs to type of high effect on a small scale, but the effect of the road is low on a large scale. Terrain factor restricts the spatial distribution of cultivated land so that cultivated land mainly distributes in the slope areas with 0-25° and areas with elevation of 100-1 200 m. Besides, most cultivated land distributes in the area with low elevation and slope. This paper aims to provide reference to choose the area of land development, consolidation and reclamation in southwest China. This study also can provide research idea and method to study the location of land development and consolidation.