3个菊属与近缘属属间杂种自交特性研究

Study on the self cross characteristics of three intergeneric hybrids between Chrysanthemum spp. and their close relatives

对菊属菊花脑(Chrysanthemum nankingense)×菊蒿属菊蒿(Tanacetum vulgare)(JJ),菊属大岛野路菊(Chrysanthemum crassum)×亚菊属多花亚菊(Ajania myriantha)(DD),菊属大岛野路菊(C.crassum)×芙蓉菊属芙蓉菊(Crossostephium chinense)(DF)3个属间杂种的自交特性进行了研究。结果表明:JJ自交不结实,未获得种子。DD自交获得种子8粒,出苗3株,成苗1株,结实率、出苗率和成活率分别为0.11、37.50%和33.33%;自交一代未能获得后代。DF自交获得种子52粒,出苗16株,成活10株,结实率、出苗率和成活率分别为0.48、30.77%和62.50%;DF自交一代株系2自交,获得75粒种子,出苗46株,成活38株,结实率、出苗率和成活率分别为0.94、61.33%和82.60%。DD自交后代的染色体数目为54,DF 3个自交后代的染色体数目均大于54,为非整倍体。DD和DF 2个属间杂种的自交后代部分性状出现不同程度的衰退现象,尤其是花序直径、花心直径、管状花数;叶长/叶宽在各自交后代中差异不显著,表现稳定自交遗传。DD F1自交后代花色及管状花类型均未出现分离;DF F1自交一代中仅1株花色出现了非白色,而自交二代花色出现较大分离。

The self cross characteristics of three intergeneric hybrids were studied, including Chrysanthemum nankingensexTanacetum vulgare （JJ） , Chrysanthemum crassumxAjania myriantha （ DD ） , and C. crassum x Crossostephium chinense （ DF ）. The results showed that：no selfed seed was obtained in JJ. In DD,8 first selfed seeds were obtained and only 1 offsprings survived from 3 seedlings, and the seed setting rate, germination rate and survival rate were 0.11,37. 50% and 33.33 %, respectively. No second self cross seed was obtained. In DF 52 first selfed seeds were obtained and only 10 offsprings survived from 16 seedlings, and the seed setting rate ,ger- mination rate and survival rate were O. 48,30.77% and 62.50% ,respectively. Second self cross was also made in line ~2 of the first self cross offsprings ,75 seeds were obtained and only 38 offsprings survived from 46 seedlings, and the seed setting rate, germination rate and survival rate were 0. 94,61. 33% and 82.60% ,respectively. The chromosome number of first self cross offspring of DD was 54;the chromosome numbers of 3 the first self cross offsprings of DF were more than 54 which were aneuploidy. Traits of selfed offsprings were observed. Some traits of selfed offspings of 2 intergeneric hybrids were inbreedingly depressed, especially inflorescence diameter, flower disc diameter, and tubular florets number; variation of leaf length/leaf width was no significant, showing stable inbreeding inheritance. There is no variation between the first self cross offspring and DF in the flower type ; the flower color of line 2 of the first self cross offspring is non-white. The characteristics of flower color in the second self cross offsprings of DF showed a wide separation.