从德国范式看公众史学争议的起因、进程与影响

Causes,Process and Influences of Public Historical Controversies: Reflections from German Cases

公众史学争议是围绕在公众史学的内容、表现或影响方面且具有公共性的史学争议。20世纪德国重大公众史学争议的历史表明:它往往牵涉到重大的历史认知问题,关系到一个民族的自我理解;它常常借助公共媒体,直接而迅速地引发一场从感性到理性的舆论交锋;它既是时代精神的产物,又反过来成为引人关注的社会文化发展风向标,拥有着不可小觑的政治影响力。正因如此,认识与分析公众史学争议的起因、进程和影响,应该成为公众史学研究的重要内容。

Public historical controversy is a historical debate which aims to discuss about the content,representation and influence of public history,and is performed with public characters. The history of great public historical controversies in Germany in the 20th century could show the following: it is always related to some important historical cognitive problems which reflect the self- definition of one nation; it often becomes a public opinion battle directly and quickly with the help of public media; it is the result of the Zeitgeist but will also be the bellwether of social cultural development. Therefore,the understanding and analysis of the causes,process and influences of public history controversies should be the important content of public history.