费尔巴哈哲学对马克思“新唯物主义”哲学认识论的启示

Enlightenment to Marx's Philosophical Epistemology in "New Materialism" from Feuerbach

费尔巴哈哲学认识论将人类的哲学视野从宗教的天国下降到现实的人间,开启了唯物主义的认识论路线。但其以感性直观的反映论理解对象世界,没有将唯物主义贯彻到社会历史领域,终而陷入唯心史观。马克思"新唯物主义"认识论则以人的感性实践活动为出发点,将感性认识上升为理性认识,来认识对象事物的表象和本质,理解社会存在和社会意识的辩证关系,找到了人类社会历史发展演进的规律,创立了唯物主义历史观。费尔巴哈哲学对马克思"新唯物主义"哲学认识论的启示主要表现在从感性直观到理性认识、从直观反映论到实践认识论、从个体存在和类意识到社会存在和社会意识等方面。

Feuerbach＆#39;s epistemology dropped philosophical perspective from the religious heaven to the real world, opening a materialist epistemology. But instead of implementing materialism in social history, he used sensible and intuitive theory of reflection to explain the objective world, and finally fell into an idealist conception of history. Marx＆#39;s epistemology in his ＆quot;New Materialism＆quot; however, starting from perceptual practice, enhanced perceptual knowledge to rational knowledge, identified the objects＆#39; presentation and nature, understood the dialectical relationship between social beings and social consciousness, found the law of human society＆#39;s historical development, and finally created a materialist conception of history. The develop-ment from perceptual knowledge to rational knowledge, from the theory of direct reflection to the theory of practical episte-mology, from individual beings and class consciousness to social being and social consciousness embodies the enlightenment from Feuerbach＆#39;s epistemology to Marx＆#39;s ＆quot;New Materialism＆quot;.