1958—2001年全球海域海表风速变化趋势

Analysis of Global Ocean Sea Surface Wind Speed Over Recent 44 Years

基于ECMWF的ERA-40海表10 m风场,对1958-2001年全球海表风速的变化趋势进行分析,主要分析了整体变化趋势、变化趋势的季节性差异、区域性差异、变化周期.结果表明：①近44年期间,全球海域海表风速整体上以0.0067 m·s-1·a1的速度显著性逐年线性递增.1958-1975年全球海域的海表风速变化较为平缓,1975-1983年递增趋势较为强劲,年平均海表风速的峰值出现在1999年,波谷出现在1975年.②全球海表风速的变化趋势表现出较大的区域性差异.递增趋势明显的区域主要分布于：南极、热带大西洋海域、北太平洋西风带海域、印度洋中低纬度海域、南半球60°S附近大面积带状海域;呈显著性逐年递减的区域主要分布于：赤道中东太平洋、胡安·费尔南德斯群岛附近海域、南大西洋西风带的中部海域,以及一些零星海域.③全球海表风速的变化趋势表现出较大的季节性差异.在各月均表现出显著的线性递增趋势,以1月的递增趋势最为强劲,达到0.0103m·s-1·a-1,7月的递增趋势弱于其余月份,约0.0033 m·s-1·a-1.④全球海域海表风速存在明显的2.2～4.3年变化周期,以及6.5年以上长周期震荡.

Based on the ERA-40 sea surface 10 m wind field data of the European Centre for Medium-Range Weather Forecasts （ECMWF）, the change trends of the global sea surface wind speed from 1958 to 2001 are analyzed, mainly including the overall change trend, seasonal differences, regional differences, and change cycles. The result indicates： （1） Global sea surface wind speed increased significantly and linearly witha rate of 0.0067 m.s-1.a-1 year by year during the recent 44 years; the change of global sea surface wind speed is relatively gentle in the period of 1958 to 1975 and relatively sharp in the period of 1975 to 1983. The peak and valley of the annual mean global sea surface wind speed appeared in 1999 and 1975, respectively. （2） The change trends of global sea surface wind speed showed significant regional differences. The areas with an obvious increasing trend are mainly distributed in the Antarctic region, tropical Atlantic and North Pacific westerly zone waters, low latitudes in the Indian Ocean, and the regions near 60~S in the Southern Hemisphere, especially with the strongest increasing trend in the Southern Hemisphere high-latitude waters; significantly decreasing areas are mainly distributed in the regions near the equatorial Middle East Pacific, Juan Fernandez Islands, the south westerly zone in the central Atlantic Ocean, as well as some sporadic waters. （3） The change trends of global sea surface wind speed showed significant seasonal differences with a significant linear increasing trend for all months. The sharpest increasing trend is in December （0. 0103 m s-1 a-1 ）, and the gentlest increasing trend is in July （approximately 0. 0033 m. s-1. a-1）. （4） There is obvious periodic change in Global ocean sea surface wind speed with the periods being 2.2 to 4.3 years, as well as 6.5 years.