汉江水体和鱼体内有机氯农药残留水平及积累特征分析

Analysis of the Residual Levels and Accumulation Characteristics of Organochlorine Pesticides in Water and Fish in Han River

为了研究汉江流域水体中有机氯农药（OCPs）残留水平以及鱼体内有机氯农药积累特征,对汉江地表水和当地经常食用的黄颡鱼进行了采样分析.结果表明：汉江水体中HCHs含量为0.37 ～0.99 ng/L,平均值为0.61 ng/L,DDTs含量为0.64～1.52 ng/L,平均值为1.12 ng/L,远低于《地表水环境质量标准》（GB3838-2002）规定的限值;黄颡鱼肌肉中HCHs含量为0.18～0.89 ng/g（湿重）,平均值为0.48 ng/g（湿重）,DDTs含量为12.03～45.75 ng/g（湿重）,平均值为24.27 ng/g（湿重）,均符合《农产品安全质量无公害水产品安全要求》标准;黄颡鱼不同组织中OCPs含量表现为内脏＞鱼鳃＞肌肉,原因是内脏为有害物质消化吸收的主要场所,腮为水生动物直接从水中吸附有害物质的主要部位;黄颡鱼对有机氯农药的积累效应表现为DDTs＞ HCHs,这与有机氯农药疏水性的分配系数Kvw呈正相关;黄颡鱼肌肉中DDTs和HCHs造成的致癌风险简要评估表明,DDTs检出的最大浓度对人类可能存在潜在的致癌风险.

For the purpose of researching the residual levels and accumulated characteristics of organoehlo- rine pesticides （OCPs） in water and fish in Han River,this paper collects and measures samples of the sur- face water and Pelteobagrus fulvidraco which are eaten widely by local people. The results show that the contents of HCHs are in the range of 0.37 ~ 0.99 ng/L （ mean 0.61 ng/L） and the contents of DDTs are in the range of 0.64 ~ 1.52 ng/L （ meanl. 12 ng/L） in water of Han River,far below the standards in En- vironment Quality Standard of Surface Water. The contents of HCHs are in the range of 0. 18 ~ 0.89 ng/g （mean 0.48 ng/g） and DDTs are in the range of 12.03 ~ 45.75 ng/g （mean 24.27 ng/g） in the mus- cles of Pelteobagrus fulvidraco. All the data are based on wet weight,and they all measure up to the stand- ards in Safety Qualification for Agricultural Product--Safety Requirements of Non environmental Pol lution Aquatic Products. The contents of organochlorine pesticide in different tissues rank as internal organs ） gills ） muscles,which may be due to the fact that the internal organs are the main places of digestion and absorption of harmful substances and gills are the main parts that absorb harmful substances from the water directly for aquatic animals. The cumulative effect of organochlorine pesticides in Pelteobagrus fulvidraco is DDTs~ HCHs,which is positively correlated to the partition coefficient （Kow） of the hydro- phobicity of organochlorine pesticides. The evaluations of carcinogenic risks which are created by HCHs and DDTs in muscles indicate that the detected maximum concentration of DDTs can cause potential carcinogenic risks to humans.