《韩诗外传》中的神灵与祭祀

Deities and Sacrificial Rites in Hanshiwaizhuan Essays

《韩诗外传》在一定程度上继承了先秦时期所形成的神灵信仰,承认神灵作为一种人格化的主宰干预并控制着人世的生产与生活。而以天或天神为主导的神灵对人事的影响遵循着赏善罚恶的原则。但同时,《韩诗外传》又通过一种感应论的阐述削弱了神灵的权能及意志,并借由阴阳之说为天人感应及其维系的善恶报偿赋予了新的依据。《韩诗外传》对神灵的矛盾态度也体现在对祭祀的理解中,《韩诗外传》一方面承认祭祀讨好神灵的效用,另一方面又认为祭祀有助于维系、彰显礼乐伦常所需要的某些情感,具有教化的意义。

Hanshiwaizhuan Essays inherited to some extent the belief in deities formed in the Pre-Qin period and held that the deities with Heaven or Heavenly God as the head intervened in people's production and life,following the principle of rewarding the good and punishing the evil.However,Hanshiwaizhuan Essays also gave a telepathic elaboration of the interaction between Heaven and man to weaken the power and the will of deities,and at the same time introduced the theory of yin and yang as a new basis of this principle.This contradictory attitude is reflected in the understanding of sacrificial riles.Hanshiwaizhuan Essays on the one hand recognized the role of sacrificial rites in pleasing deities,and on the other hand asserted that sacrificial rites helped to maintain the feelings integral to the established proprieties.