北宋诗歌比喻模式的演进

Evolution of the Types of Metaphor in the Poems of the North Song Dynasty

比喻模式作为一种有效的工具,可以用来分析诗歌审美模式的演进状况。经分析,北宋诗歌比喻模式演进的轨迹为,人工化程度总体高于唐代,初期直承前朝而人工化程度较高,中期发生新变,晚期复归晚期风格,与唐代诗歌比喻模式演进的轨迹基本一致。中期新变呈现高度人工化模式与倾向自然模式并行的现象。王禹偁、西昆诸子、欧阳修、梅尧臣、苏轼、黄庭坚、陈与义、陈师道等诗人自由地选择了不同的审美模式,各自探索发展道路,创造出了丰富多样、富于新意的比喻,显示出北宋诗坛深厚的诗学积淀和多样的风格。

Types of metaphor are an efficient tool for revealing the evolution of aesthetic criteria for poetry.This study reveals that the artificialization in the evolution of the types of metaphor in the poems of the North Song Dynasty was more obvious that that of the Tang Dynasty.There were three stages in this evolution similar to the evolution of the poems of the Tang Dynasty.The first stage and the last stage were quite similar to the previous trend while the middle stage experienced some transformation which found expression in the parallel development of the mode of clear artificialization and the naturalistic mode.Poets of this period like Wang Yuchen,members of Xikun School,Ouyang Xiu,Mei Yaocheng,Su Shi,Huang Tingjian,Chen Yuyi and Chen Shidao were free to choose their own aesthetic criteria,explored various techniques independently and created new types of metaphor with rich implications,which revealed the solid poetic foundation and various styles of the North Song Dynasty.