不同呼吸道病毒在武汉地区儿童中的流行特征分析

Epidemiological characteristics of respiratory viruses in children of Wuhan

目的：了解腺病毒（ADV）、呼吸道合胞病毒（RSV）、甲型流感病毒（FluA）、乙型流感病毒（FluB）、副流感病毒1型（PIV1）、副流感病毒2型（PIV2）和副流感病毒3型（PIV3）在武汉地区儿童中的流行特征。方法收集2011年1月至2012年12月本院儿科收治的呼吸道感染患儿上述7种病毒直接免疫荧光法检测结果资料，分析不同病毒的检测结果及流行特征。结果共检测患儿标本5925例，检出阳性标本1657例，总阳性率为28．0％。RSV阳性检出率最高，为17．4％，PIV2阳性检出率最低，为0．2％。总体而言，2月份病毒阳性检出率最高，为54．0％，10月份最低，为15．4％。RSV和 PIV3在0～1岁患儿中的阳性检出率明显高于大于1岁的患儿（ P＜0．05），ADV、FluA和FluB在0～1岁患儿中的阳性检出率明显低于大于1岁的患儿（P＜0．05），PIV1和PIV2阳性检出率组间比较差异则无统计学意义（P＞0．05）。结论 RSV是导致武汉地区儿童呼吸道感染的主要病原体；病毒感染流行性有明显的季节特征，2月份是病毒感染流行性最强的月份；不同年龄儿童对各种病毒存在不同的易感性。

Objective To investigate the epidemiological characteristics of adenovirus （ADV） ,respiratory syn-cytial virus （RSV） ,influenza A virus （FluA） ,influenza B virus （FluB） ,parainfluenza virus type 1 （PIV1） ,parainflu-enza virus type 2 （PIV2） and parainfluenza virus type 3 （PIV3） in children of Wuhan .Methods Clinical data of 5 925 children with respiratory infection were retrospectively analyzed to identify the prevalent characteristics of the seven kinds of virus .Results A total of 1 657 cases ,affected with viral pathogens ,were detected in 5 925 specimens , with the total positive rate of 28 .0% .Among the seven kinds of virus ,the highest infection rate was 17 .4% of RSV , and the lowest infection rate was 0 .2% of PIV2 .The highest total infection rate was 54 .0% in February ,and the lowest total infection rate was 15 .4% in October .The infection rate of RSV and PIV3 in less than 1 year old （inclu-ding 1 year old） children group was significantly higher than the greater than 1 year old children group （P＆lt;0 .05） . However ,the infection rate of ADV ,FluA and FluB in less than 1 year old （including 1 year old） children group was significantly lower than the greater than 1 year old children group （P＆lt;0 .05） .There were no significant differences in the infection rates of PIV1 and PIV2 between the two groups （P＆gt;0 .05） .Conclusion RSV might be the main pathogens causing respiratory infection in children of Wuhan .The epidemic of respiratory viruses could be with obvi-ous seasonal characteristics ,and the highest rate of respiratory virus infection might be in February .The infection rate of different virus could be different in children at different age .