证据法的运行机制与社会控制功能

Operational Mechanism and Social Control Function of Evidence Law

我国诸多社会失范现象有着复杂的成因,这要求法律制度必须作出必要的回应。但目前我国证据制度中的规则缺位,不仅导致其难以很好地回应某些社会失范现象,甚至还加剧了事态的严重性。作为规制司法审判事实认定过程的证据法,应当具备促进事实真相发现和维护社会普遍价值的双重功能。正是在求真与求善的价值权衡过程中,证据法对于解决中国的某些社会失范现象将有所助力。因为通过证据筛选、举证激励、行为制裁、动机保护和证据裁定救济等运行机制,证据法能够发挥降低错案风险、抑制司法腐败和保障被追诉者人权等直接社会控制功能,以及保护社会关系和增进社会福利等间接社会控制功能。因此,我们必须认真对待证据法。

Many kinds of social anomie in China have some complex reasons, which require law system giving neces-sary response. However, the absence of some evidence rules in Chinese current evidence system resulted in that law sys-tem cannot well response these social anomies, and even made the situation becoming more serious. Evidence Law, as the legal norm regulating fact-finding in the trial, has two functions： one is promoting the discovery of truth, and the other is maintaining some social common values. In the weighing process of seeking truth and seeking goods, evidence law is help-ful to solve some social anomies. Through the evidence filter mechanism, evidence incentive mechanism, behavior sanction mechanism, motivation protection mechanism and evidence verdict relief mechanism, evidence law can play the directly so-cial control function of reducing the risk of misjudged cases, curbing judicial corruption and guaranteeing the human rights of the accused, and the indirect social control function of protecting social relations and improving social welfare. There-fore, we should take evidence law seriously.