安史之乱后唐诗的吴风日盛与气骨顿衰

Poems in the Tang Dynasty after An-shi Rebellion: the Rising of Jiangnan Style and Decline of Masculinity

安史之乱不仅使大唐帝国从此一蹶不振,而且使唐诗从此"气骨顿衰"。为避胡尘,北人"东奔向吴国",以吴地为中心的江南成为北人南移的首选地。南下士人深度融入江南文化,在客观上造成南北文化的交流,而原本就精英荟萃的吴地也就更加人才济济。从中唐活跃的诗人看,或者避难南迁,或者游学江南、游宦江南,他们人生经历中的江南元素,让他们更加容易迎合六朝趣尚,自觉接受吴地山水文化的熏染。于是,诗坛吴风日盛,唐诗中心南移,诗歌格局发生了由北盛南衰到南盛北衰的逆转,诗歌气象也阳刚剧减,"气骨顿衰"成为自安史乱后整个中晚唐诗歌的走向,诗风由阳刚雄浑转向阴柔温润,由昂扬豪迈转向苍凉疲老,由高瞻远瞩转向回眸凭吊,由浪漫华彩转向现实平淡,即便是李白的诗也趋于力疲神软,没有了盛唐时那种一飞冲天的浩气。

An-shi Rebellion not only caused great destruction to the Tang Dynasty, but also weakened the masculinity elements in poems of the Tang Dynasty. In order to avoid encountering the northern barbarian tribes, people in then North China fled to the south part of Jiangsu, which used to be referred to as Wu and became the most favorite place for people from north. These new comers to Wu were assimilated to the south culture and advocated the cultural exchange between the North and South, which contributed to the emerging of talents. Famous poets in the middle Tang Dynasty ei-ther lived in Wu to avoid wars or took official positions there, and the elements of Wu made them more prepared to ac-cept Wu culture. Therefore, more poems of Wu features began to dominate the poetic circle, the South became the litera-ture center in terms of poems, and the rising of Jiangnan style and the decline of masculinity formed the trend of poetry in the late Tang Dynasty.