汽车轻量化技术的研究与进展

Research and development of automotive lightweight technology

汽车轻量化是实现节能减排的重要措施之一,对汽车工业的可持续发展具有重要意义。本文从结构优化设计、轻量化材料的应用和先进制造工艺这三个方面对汽车轻量化技术的国内外研究现状和发展趋势进行了综述。这包括:汽车结构的尺寸优化、形状优化、拓扑优化和多学科设计优化的基本原理和研究进展;高强度钢、铝合金、镁合金、塑料和复合材料;以及液压成型和激光焊接工艺在汽车中的使用现状。作者认为:汽车轻量化技术的未来研究方向是:汽车结构优化设计理论的完善、多材料一体化、零部件的轻量化和轻量化技术的系统化与集成化。

Lightweighting of automotive is an important measure for energy conservation and emissions reduction with significance for sustainable development of automotive industry. This paper summarizes the current research and future trends of automotive lightweight technology in China and in the world from three aspects： the structural optimization, the lightweight materials, and the advanced manufacturing technology. The review includes the basic principles and research developments of structural size optimization, shape optimization, to pological optimization, and multidisciplinary design optimization. And it introduces the applications of high-strength steel, aluminum alloy, magnesium alloy, plastic material, composite material; as well as the applications of hydroform and laser welding in automotive industry. The authors think that the lightweight technology future research area are the improvement of automotive structural optimization theory, the multi-material integration, the lightweight components, and the systematization and integration of lightweight technology.