北京市大兴区建立卫生监督派出机构前后卫生监督效能分析

Effect analysis on health supervision ability after local health supervision agencies set-up in township and villages in Daxing District of Beijing City

目的对北京市大兴区建立乡镇卫生监督派出机构前后监督效能进行分析,探讨建立基层卫生监督站的体系模式的优势。方法通过卫生监督电子平台、卫生监督年鉴和原卫生部年报获得2002—2012年北京市大兴区所有卫生监督机构的指标数据。采用t检验,Wilcoxon非参数秩和检验,Z检验(Poisson分布),χ2检验和Cochran-Armitage趋势分析等方法。结果在卫生监督站建立后,食品、公共场所和生活饮用水的平均年监督频次分别为2.61次、1.90次和1.76次;生活饮用水的平均年监督频次在建站前后的差异具有统计学意义(P<0.05)。卫生监督年平均宣传次数及培训次数在建站后分别为19.50次和44.75次,均高于建站前的次数(P<0.05)。建站后,食品、公共场所和饮用水的抽检合格率分别为97.46%、95.41%和98.30%,均高于建站前的抽检合格率(P<0.05)。趋势检验也表明建站后突发公共卫生事件年平均发生率逐年下降,食品、公共场所和生活饮用水的抽检年合格率也呈现逐年上升趋势(P<0.05)。结论自2005年北京市大兴区建立卫生监督派出机构以来,卫生监督效能指标均得到明显的改善。

Objective To explore the changes of health supervision ability before and after establishing local health supervision agencies in township and villages of Daxing District of Beijing City. Methods Data were obtained from the electronic platform of health supervision, yearbook and annual report of Ministry of Health from 2002 to 2012. The differences of supervision ability before and after establishing local agencies were analyzed by t-test, Wilcoxon nonparametric rank-sum test, Z test,χ^2 test, and Cochran-Armitage trend test. Results The mean supervision frequency on food, public places and drinking water after establishing local supervision agencies were 2. 61, 1.90, and 1.76 times, respectively. The difference of mean supervision frequencies of drinking water before and after establishing agencies was statistically significant （ P 〈 0.05）. The frequency of propaganda and training were 19.50 and 44.75 times after establishing the agencies, respectively, both higher than before （ P 〈0.05）. The sampling qualified rates of food, public places and drinking water after establishing the agencies were 97.46% , 95.41% , and 98.30% , respectively, all significantly higher than that in before （ P 〈 0.05）. Cochran-Armitage trend tests also showed that the mean incidences of public health emergencies tended to decline and the annual sampling qualified rates of food, public places and drinking water tended to increase year by year after establishing the agencies （P 〈0.05）. Conclusion After establishing local health supervision agencies in 2005 in Daxing District of Beijing City, health supervision ability was increased than before.