20世纪初期奉天行政体制变迁原因探析——以现代化理论为视角

Research about the Vicissitude Reason of the Administrative System in Mukden on the Beginning of the 20th Century ——From the Perspective of Modernization Theory

奉天由于其独特的地缘关系以及不同于关内的行政管理体制而成为清末行政体制改革的先行试点地区。从现代化理论视角来分析20世纪初期奉天行政体制变迁的原因主要在于:奉天地区主权的逐渐被蚕食,迫使清政府力图通过行政改革,希望加强在奉天的统治;中央统治权威削弱,传统政治体制衰败,清政府也不得不进一步改变行政体制,实行预备立宪;在新兴阶级的推动下,奉天人民政治意识的觉醒三个方面。20世纪初期奉天行政体制的变迁既体现出整个时代的特点,也凸显出自身的个性,是中国早期现代化的一个缩影。

Mukden ,owing to its unique geographical position and administration different from inlands ,be-came a pilot area of system reform of late Qing Dynasty .From the perspective of modernization theory to analyze the reasons of administrative system changes in Mukden in the early 20th century ,it mainly lies in three aspects .First ,The Qing government was forced to reform the administrative system to strengthen the rule under the gradually eroded sovereignty of area in Mukden .Second ,the Qing government had to further change the administrative system and implement preparatory constitutionalism to be in the face of the weakened central rule authority and the declined traditional political system .Third ,the people’s polit-ical consciousness in Mukden was awaken under the impetus of the emerging class .In the early 20th centu-ry ,the change of the administrative system in Mukden is a microcosm of China’s early modernization .