Span-80甲基丙烯酸酯的合成及在乳化炸药中的运用

Synthesis of Span-80 Methacrylate and Application in Emulsion Explosives

失水山梨糖醇单油酸酯(Span-80)和甲基丙烯酸(MAA)为原料生成Span-80甲基丙烯酸酯:第一步将甲基丙烯酸滴加到二氯亚砜(SOCL2)的甲苯溶液中反应生成甲基丙烯酰氯,减压蒸馏除去甲苯和过量的二氯亚砜;第二步在冰盐浴的甲基丙烯酰氯中滴加Span-80和碳酸钠的乙醇溶液,得到产物Span-80甲基丙烯酸酯。产物通过傅立叶红外光谱进行表征,发现有酯基的特征吸收峰,说明发生了酯化反应。使用此种乳化剂制备的乳化炸药的爆轰性能符合要求,稳定性强于Span-80制备的乳化炸药。

The Span-80 methacrylate was synthesized from Span-80 and methyl acrylic acid （MAA）. Firstly, the MAA was dropped into thionyl chloride （SOCL2） in the toluene solution ,then Methyl acryloyl chloride was generated and the toluene and excess SOCL2 was removed by vacuum distillation. Secondly, the Span-80 and Ethanol solution of sodium chloride were dropped into Methyl acryloyl chloride in ice salt bath, then Span-80 mcthaclylate was genera- ted. The characteristic absorption peak of ester group on Fourier infrared curve showed that the esterification reaction took place. Detonation performance of the emulsion explosive from this kind of emulsifier was good enough, and more stable than the emulsion explosive from Span-80.