电动汽车空调热泵型涡旋压缩机结构分析

Structural Analysis of Heat Pump Scroll Compressor for Electric Automobile Air-conditioning

为了解决电动汽车空调系统冬季采暖问题,针对冬季空调工况下压缩机单级压比增大的运行特性,以涡旋压缩机制热性能系数为热力学优化目标函数,确定了制冷剂循环系统中的最佳补气压力,优化了涡旋压缩机静涡旋盘上的中间补气口的几何位置和形状,使其具备了准双级压缩功能。将研发的热泵型电动涡旋压缩机安装于电动汽车空调系统,利用空气焓差法对系统进行了制热、制冷性能实验。实验结果表明,静涡旋盘结构优化后的热泵型电动涡旋压缩机,其制热和制冷能力可以满足5人座电动汽车司乘人员的冬季和夏季舒适性要求,并且具有较高的制热和制冷性能系数,从而提升了汽车空调系统热泵循环和制冷循环的热经济性,达到了节能的目的。

The pressure ratio of compressor operating in winter is much greater than that in summer, which makes the heating by electric vehicle air conditioning system in winter a problem. In order to solve it, the coefficient of heating performance was taken as the thermodynamic optimization objective function of scroll compressor. The optimal middle pressure of refrigerant injection in the scroll compressor orifice was determined accordingly. The geometric position and shape of refrigerant injection orifice have been built, which makes the system working in a quasi two-stage compression. Based on the method of air enthalpy difference, the heating and refrigerating performance of heat pump type scroll compressor which was installed on the electric vehicle air conditioning system, had been conducted in refrigeration laboratory. After optimizing the structure of static scroll plate, the experimental results show that the capability of heating and cooling for the heat pump type electric scroll compressor could be met the comfort requirements of 5 seat electric vehicle in summer and winter, and the performance coefficients of heating and cooling have been improved accordingly.