气垫导轨上“动量守恒定律”验证的误差分析

Error Analysis of "the Law of Conservation of Momentum" Validation in Air Cushion Guide

由于气垫导轨提供了低阻力环境并且采用了高精度的光电计时装置,从而不仅有效的减少了试验的误差,并且还能够做许多运动学和动力学的试验。由于其能够对多种运动情况下的动量传递进行研究,因此,通常选择它来验证动量守恒定律的试验。但是,在以往实验教学中发现,该实验的误差非常大,通过本文研究发现距离对实验结果的影响并不是很大,质量越大实验结果的标准偏差越大,在非完全弹性碰撞中速度的最佳范围是50cm/s-60cm/s。

Air cushion guidepmvides a low resistance environment and uses the photoelectric timing devicewith high accuracy, which not only effectively reduce＇the experimental error,test and also can do a lot of kinematics and dynamics. Due to its ability tostudy a variety of movement of the momentum transfer, therefore, it is often cboseto verify the law of conservation of momentum. However, we found in previousexperimental teaching, the experimental error is very large. This paper foundthat the effect of distance on the experimental results is not great throughthis study, the standard deviation of the experimental results is more large withthe more quality, and the perfect elastic of speed in non-perfectly elasticcollision is between the 50cm/s-60cm/s.