VCR法采矿工程中矿石损失与贫化的控制与研究

Control and Research of Ore Loss and Dilution by VCR Method in Ore Mining Engineering

交叉巷道暴露面积大,VCR采矿方法在我国的大型金属矿山中应用较为广泛,该种采矿方法优点是:矿块结构简单,不用掘进切割天井和切割槽,切割工程量小;生产能力大,采矿成本低,经济效果好;工艺简单,各项作业可以实现机械化;应用球状药包爆破,充分利用能量,爆破效果好,大块率少;缺点是:要求高密度、高爆速和低感度的炸药,成本比较高;对凿岩的精度要求高,孔深在50-60m之内,炸药爆破时工序复杂,工人体力劳动强度较大,机械化不易事项;矿房超挖量大,导致充填成本提高,同时造成矿柱回采难度增加,特别是在矿体形态变化大时,损失贫化率较高。因而如何降低VCR法采矿工程中损失与贫化率是现代采矿工程技术人员迫在眉睫的事,那么我们主要从降低单个采场的超挖量与降低矿柱回采综合成本入手,难点在于矿房回采的布孔参数及爆破参数的确定。本文通过这几年的矿山实践与应用,单个采场的边界孔的布孔参数调整,以及不耦合系数与线装药成反比关系,根据不耦合装药理论,爆炸压力随着不耦合系数值的减小而增大,而破坏矿柱岩壁。从以上两处入手来控制矿石的损失与贫化率,为企业创造出更多的经济效益。

VCR mining method, which plays a very important rool in large metal mine of our country, and shows its advantages as follows： the structure of mineral piece is simple, need not to dig incise courtyard and incise slot, the amount of engineering is small; it has big productivity, the cost is lower, effective in economy; the craft is simple, each work can be done mechanizatively; blow up with ball like explosive so that energy can be better used and the explosion work will be effective will less big mineral piece. The shortages are as follows： it requires higher density, higher explosion speed and less sensitive explosive, higher cost; requires a higher digging accuracy, the depth of the hole is about 50-60m, the explosion work is complicated. Workers are with hard manual work, not easy to mechanize; the digging area is big so that the filling cost will rise and the extraction of mineral pillar becomes harder, especially when the mineral body varies a lot, will lost more. So how to lower the lose in VCR mining method is a urgent thing in modem mining technology, we solve the problem mainly from lower the digging quantity of a certain slope and lower the comprehensive cost of mineral pillar extracting. The crux lies in ensuring the parameter of hole setting and explosion. According to the practice and application of mines in recent years, adjustment of single slope＇s parameter and other ratio relationship, we know how to lower the lose in mineral stone, so that we can create a more efficient economy for our enterprise.