2010-2012年某医院感染现患率调查与分析

Investigation and analysis of prevalence of nosocomial infections in 2010~2012

目的通过医院感染现患率的调查，掌握医院感染的实际情况，为医院感染防控提供依据。方法采用横断面调查的方法，在同一时间内对所有住院患者进行医院感染现患率调查，采取床旁及病案调查相结合的方式进行。结果共调查3032例患者。3年医院感染现患率分别为6.10%、5.30%、4.17%，感染率最高的科室是 ICU （39.29%），感染部位以下呼吸道为主（45.16%），侵袭性操作是发生医院感染的危险因素。2010~2012年住院患者抗菌药物使用率分别为67.21%、64.77%、54.10%，治疗性用药微生物送检率分别为39.00%、46.99%、55.01%，医院感染主要分离菌为革兰阴性菌，占61.39%。结论通过近3年现患率调查发现，随着住院条件的改善、抗菌药物的严格管理以及医院感染防控措施的加强，医院感染现患率呈现下降趋势，治疗性用药微生物送检率也逐年上升。

Objective Through investigation on hospital infection, to learn the actual status of hospital infection and improve hospital infection management work continuously. Methods Via transect investigation, all hospital-ized patients were investigated by bed-visiting and patients, medical records, checking at the same time. ResultsA total of 3032 cases were enrolled, and the prevalence from 2010 to 2012 were 6. 10%, 5.30% and 4.17%, re-spectively. ICU had the highest prevalence of 39.29%. The lower respiratory tract ranked the first place （45.16%） among infection sites. Invasive operation increased the risk of nosocomial infections. The utilization rates of antibiotics of the hospitalized patients from 2010 to 2012 were 67.7%, 64. 8%, and 54. 1%, respectively. The microbial submission rates for the therapeutic medication were 39 . 00%, 46.99%, and 55 . 01%, respective-ly. The gram-negative bacteria were dominant among the isolated bacterias, accounting for 61.39%. ConclusionThe prevalence survey in the nearly three years shows that the prevalence of nosocomial infections is decreasing,and the microbial submission rate for the therapeutic medication is also increasing by improved hospitalized conditions, strict management of antibiotics and enhanced surveillance.