人脑动静脉畸形与鼠模型颈动静脉畸形的组织学比较

Comparison of an animal model of arteriovenous malformation with human arteriovenous malformation

目的 对比动物模型动静脉畸形（AVM）和人脑动静脉畸形（CAVM）的形态特征，证明大鼠模型AVM与人脑AVM血管形态学上的相似性。方法此次观察研究了17例人类动静脉畸形的标本和71只动静脉畸形的大鼠模型的标本，应用组织学方法观察了血管的大体结构，同时利用流量探针测量并比较两组血管的血流量。结果大鼠动静脉畸形模型和的人脑动静脉畸形标本中都能够观察到不连续的血脑屏障，内皮细胞中断，内皮细胞有大量丝状伪足、窗孔形成、溶酶体、胞质囊泡及空泡等相似的组织学结构。大鼠动静脉畸形的血流速度较正常明显加快，并于第42d时达到峰值（P〈0．05）。结论 大鼠动静脉畸形模型与人类动静脉畸形具有相似的血流动力学、形态学及超微结构特征，因此为利用此模型研究AVM奠定了基础。

Objective To compare the blood flow and histological changes between arteriovenous malformations in a rat model and human cerebral arteriovenous malformations. Methods Seventeen human specimens of arteriovenous malformations specimens and 71 samples of arteriovenous malformations were randomly selected. All specimens were examined histologically, immunohistologically, and electromicroscopically. Blood flow was measured using a flow probe connected to a transit perivascular flowmeter. Results Gap junctions were observed between endothelial cells in both human arteriovenous malformation specimens and rat model. There were numerous filopodia, fenestrated processes, lysosomes, cytoplasmic vesicles and vacuoles observed in human arteriovenous malformations and the nidus of model. The blood flow increased in the arterialized vein in rat model, and the flow rate peaked at 42 days post fistula formation（ P 〈 0. 05）. Conclusion The rat AVM model demonstrated similar hemodynamic, morphological, and ultrastructural features to human AVM, thus this model would be suitable for use in studying arteriovenous malformations.