叶面喷施氨基酸和微量元素对金银花生长发育和质量的影响

Effect of Spraying Micronutrient and Amino Acids on Growth and Quality of Lonicera japonica Thunb

以2年生金银花为试验材料,采用叶面喷施法,研究不同浓度的苯丙氨酸(Phe)、酪氨酸(Lyr)以及锌(Zn2+)、铜(Cu2+)对金银花生长发育和质量的影响。结果显示:(1)喷施不同浓度的Phe、Lyr以及Zn2+、Cu2+对叶面积无明显影响;不同处理的叶绿素含量随喷施次数的增加而出现不同程度的下降,喷施浓度适宜则有助于叶绿素的合成;喷施一定浓度的Phe、Lyr以及Zn2+、Cu2+可增加花蕾重量,如经1 000mg/g Phe处理后的花蕾鲜重与干重较对照增加了20.1%和51.4%。(2)不同浓度的Phe、Lyr可显著影响碳代谢,但对氮代谢影响不明显;Zn2+、Cu2+对碳氮代谢产物影响较明显,如喷施10mg/L的CuSO4及ZnSO4可提高可溶性糖及淀粉含量。(3)除Zn2+处理后的花蕾类黄酮含量显著低于对照外,其他处理较CK无显著差异;花蕾总黄酮含量均显著低于对照,但绿原酸含量均高于对照。(4)叶片中离子含量受喷施次数及浓度影响较明显,除30mg/L CuSO4处理外,其它处理的花蕾中Zn2+、Cu2+、Fe2+含量均显著低于对照。研究表明,在金银花的第一茬花抽枝初期喷施适宜浓度的Phe、Lyr(如1 000mg/g Phe、2 000mg/g Lyr)以及Zn2+、Cu2+(如50mg/L ZnSO4、10mg/L CuSO4)可改善金银花的生长发育,并提高产量和质量。

To study the growth and quality under Phe,Lyr,Zn^2＋ and Cu^2＋ with different concentrations, which were controlled by foliage spray, we selected 2-year-old Lonicera japonica as the material. The re- sults showed that： （1）Spraying the Phe,Lyr,Zn^2＋ and Cu^2＋ with different concentrations has no apprecia- ble effect on leaf area. When increasing spraying time, the content of chlorophyll under different treatments appeared some decline in resistance. The proper concentration is helpful for the synthesis of chlorophyll. Spraying the Phe, Lyr,Zn^2＋ and Cu^2＋ with certain concentration can increase the weight of flower. For ex- ample,the flowers,fresh and dry weight increased 20.1% and 51.4% than control after 1 000 mg/g Phe treatment. （2）By spraying the Phe, Lyr with different concentrations can affect the C-metabolism remarka- ble, but made opposite effection on N-metabolism. Zn^2＋ and Cu^2＋ can exert obvious influence on carbon and nitrogen metabolism. For example,CuSO4 and ZnSO4 with 10 mg/L can raise the content of starch and sol-uble carbohydrate. （3）There was no significant difference between the content of flavonoids in flower than control except Zn^2＋. All of the content of total flavonoids was lower than that of control, but the chloro- genic acid was opposite. （4）The spraying time or concentration have more influence on the ion content of leaf. The Zn^2＋ ,Cu^2＋ ,Fe^2＋ content of flower was significantly lower than that of control except 30 mg/L CuSO4 treatment. It can be inferred that spraying the Phe,Lyr（For 1 000 mg/g Phe,2 000 mg/g Lyr）,Zn and Cu（For 50 mg/L ZnSO4, 10 mg/L CuSO4） with proper concentration can improve the growth of L. ja- ponica,and increase the quality and yield on the branch initial stage of the first florescence of L. japonica.