殷墟甲骨卜辞介词“自”的几种用法

Research on Usage of the Zi(自) In Oracle Inscriptions In the Shang Dynasty

殷墟甲骨卜辞中介词"自"有一些与后世不同的用法。介词"自"引介的宾语为施事、与事时,能引介一个祭祀序列,"自"义有时虽可不译,但在语义表现、语用表达上都是必要的。"自A于B"、"自A至B"、"自A至于B"三种搭配格式表示时、地时,语法分布上存在对立互补性;表示祭祀神主时,能插入其他句法成分。"叀入自+某时段+祭祀"与"于入自+某时段+祭祀"两种卜问格式,实质上是用谓词性词组表示时间的方式。

The word 'Zi' in the oracle inscriptions was mainly used as preposition. Compared with the later period, the word can be used in special ways.Its object can be agent or patient or dative, although in this situation the 'Zi' may not be translated, but it is necessary for the semantics and pragmatics expression. The phrase ' 自 A 于 B'、'自 A 至 B'、 ' 自 A 至 于 B'are three fixed formats, when used for time and place,they are contrast and complementary in syntactic distributions. In the oracle inscriptions, there are two fixed format to express worship affairs, in fact they used verb phrase to express time.