我国生物技术育种现状与发展趋势

Status and Prospect of Agrobiotechnology-based Breeding in China

生物育种是现代农业史上应用推广最迅速的技术,并已在全球范围内产生了巨大的社会、经济和生态效益。然而目前我国主要农作物的品种选育仍停留在以表型选择为主的传统育种模式。这种经验育种不仅周期长而且品种改良进度缓慢,难以满足我国强劲的经济发展需求。而生物育种技术突破了传统育种技术的种种局限,使农作物育种变得更精确、更高效、更可控且可预见,可促进实现中国主要作物由"经验育种"向"精确育种"的战略性转变,有利于加速培育高产、优质、抗逆、广适的作物新品种。着重介绍了转基因、分子标记辅助选择、分子设计和智能不育这四种生物技术在水稻和玉米两大作物育种中的应用现状与发展趋势,可为我国农业和科技管理部门、生物技术工作者、育种家和种业企业提供参考。

Agrobiotechnology-based breeding technologies have revolutionized the modern agriculture and significantly impacted the society, economics and ecology on a globe scale. Nevertheless, traditional phenotype-based breeding is still the dominant method used in crop breeding in china nowadays, which can not meet the demand of our rapid social and economic development. Agrobiotechnology-based breeding can break down the barriers and bottlenecks of traditional breeding and facilitate the transition from ＂empirical breeding＂ to ＂accurate breeding＂, with increased efficiency and being more controllable and predictable. This article reviewed the recent progress made with four agrobiotechnology based breeding approaches, including transgenic-based breeding, molecular marker-assisted selection breeding, breeding by molecular design and the third-generation hybrid technology in rice and maize, two major crops in China.