新型城镇化与土地制度改革

New Type of Urbanization and Land System Reform

土地制度改革的核心就是要改计划配置为市场配置。首先,要建立城乡统一、开放、竞争有序的土地市场,为此须转变政府职能,划清政府与市场的界线;改革产权制度,把公有公用的土地公有制改成公有私用的土地公有制;建立城乡统一的土地市场,开放集体土地入市;改革征地制度。其次,要建立适应市场配置的国家宏观调控体系。政府主要有4种调控手段:确立以公众参与式的规划制订办法;正确实施土地用途分区,限制土地使用权,以提高土地利用效率;建立能促进节约用地、优化配置、公平分配土地收益的财税制度,使税收、投资、补贴成为国家调控土地的主要手段;改革行政审批制度,简政放权。

The core of the land system reform is to change plan allocation to market allocation. First of all, we have to establish a uniitied, open, competitive and orderly land market. To form such a market, we should trans{orm the government＇s ~unction, draw a clear distinction between government and market, reform the property right system--take public ownership of land which is publicly--owned and publicly--used into publicly--owned and privately--used ones, establish a unified land market in which collectively--owned land can be traded, reform of land expropriation system. Secondly, we should establish a state macro--regulation system that is accommodating to market disposition. There are 4 main control measures： Firstly, to formulate measures by public participating. Secondly, to partition the land correctly, limit the right of using land to improve land use efficiency. Thirdly, to establish a fiscal and taxation system which claims land conservation, allocation, equity distribution of land income, making tax, investment, subsidy be the main means of macro control to regulate land. Forthly, to reform the administrative examination and approval system, delegating power to the lower levels.