清代直隶育婴堂的运作实态考察

Research on the Operation of Zhili Yuyingtang of Qing Dynasty

育婴堂是有清一代设立的最为普遍的慈善组织,目的在于救助父母无力养育或被遗弃的婴孩。作为清代重要省份之一,直隶地区各州县遍设育婴堂,无论规模体制均超前代,其发展领北方地区慈善事业之先。育婴堂在行政管理上制定了严格的管理措施,经费筹措上开辟了多种渠道,实现了经费来源多源化,保育救助方面对乳妇的管理措施规范,对婴孩的保育措施周到细致,弃婴出路安排也有多种方式,实现了社会化。

Yuyingtang is the most common charitable organization set up in Qing Dynasty, whose purpose is to give aid to babies that are abandoned or whose parents are unable to raise. As one of most important provinces of Qing Dynasty, Zhili area set up Yuyingtang branches in most countries and states. The development of Yuyingtang is the lead of the northern region of the charity development. Yuyingtang has a strict administrative management, various ways of fundraising, a thorough and considerable measure concerning women and babies, especially the abandoned babies, Yuyingtang prepares them a relatively promising future.