2012年成都地区婴幼儿病毒性腹泻监测结果分析

Surveillance of Viral Diarrhea in Infants and Children Under5 Years in Chengdu in 2012

目的了解成都地区5岁以下儿童病毒性腹泻的感染状况,为科学防控提供依据。方法2012-01/12采集哨点医院5岁以下门诊和住院腹泻患儿粪便,使用酶联免疫法(ELISA)对粪便标本进行轮状病毒抗原检测,用RT-PCR(反转录PCR)方法对粪便标本进行杯状病毒、星状病毒和肠道腺病毒核酸检测。结果共采集急性腹泻患儿粪便311例,轮状病毒、杯状病毒、星状病毒和肠道腺病毒的检出率分别为23.15%、29.90%、0.96%和2.89%,轮状病毒除7月无检出外,其余各月检出率均较高,呈秋冬季高发;杯状病毒全年各月均维持较高检出率,呈夏秋季高发;星状病毒和肠道腺病毒无季节高发现象。结论杯状病毒已成为2012年成都哨点医院病毒性腹泻最主要的病原,其次是轮状病毒,星状病毒和肠道腺病毒检出率较低。应继续加强病毒性腹泻的监测,以了解抗原变化趋势,为婴幼儿腹泻病的快速诊断与防控提供依据。

Objective To study the status of viral diarrhea infection in infants and children under five years in Chengdu city, so as to provide a basis for scientific prevention and control of this disease. Methods Stool specimens was collected from the outpatient and inpatient infants and children under five with diarrhea in sen- tinel hospitals in 2012, and were examined using ELISA method, including items of rotavirus, calicivirus, astrovirus and intestinal adenovirus nucleic acid. Results A total of 311 samples were collected and detected; the rate of rotavirus, calicivirus, astrovirus and enteric adenovirus detection rates were respectively 23.15%, 29.90%, 0.96% and 2. 89%. Rotavirus showed a relatively high rate through the year except July, and es- pecially higher in autumn and winter. Calicivirus maintained a relatively high detection rate in each month throughout the year, with an even higher rate in summer and autumn. Astroviruses and enteric adenovirus ex- hibited no seasonal fluctuations. Conclusion Calicivirus has become the leading pathogenic viral diarrhea in the sentinel hospital in 2012 in Chengdu, followed by rotavirus, astrovirus and enteric adenovirus. It is nec- essary to strengthen the monitoring of viral diarrhea in order to acquire the changing trend of antigen for rapid diagnosis and prevention of diarrheal disease in infants and young children.