少女们自己的文学:日本少女文学的形成及意义

A Literature of the Shōjo's own: The Becoming and Meaning of Japanese Shōjo Literature

日本明治维新完成日本现代化,但亦把父权制度通过家制度、良妻贤母教育等政策在全国普及起来,对女性造成广泛压逼。然而,通过对多项日本文献资料及历史的考察,我们可以发现女权运动、女子教育及女子刊物三种新时代产物,造成了独特的历史条件,让日本年轻女性从中找到了自我启蒙的出路。她们通过少女文学自我集体建构属于自己的少女身份,从而表示对父权制度为她们安排的命运之不屈。就这一点来说,日本少女文学发展走出自己的路,不同于西方女性文学,前者是女性读者群的自我集体建构,而且由始至终拒绝参照男性写作的标准,跳过了西方女性文学模仿男性写作及反抗男性标准的阶段,直接到达了自我发现的阶段。

Japan Meiji Restoration brought to Japan not only modernization, but also a nation-wide patriarchal family institution through various social policies like ie （family） -institution and ry6sai-kenbo （ good wife and wise mother） education. This constituted a wide-ranged oppression to Japanese women in that age. However, early feminist movement, female education and girl magazine publishing, as products of the new modern era, enabled young Japanese girls to find their own way of enlightenment. They constructed their own collective identity as Sh6jo （young girl in Japanese） through their engagement in Sh6jo literature, and thus realized their resistance to the sad fate arranged for them by the patriarchal institution. Japanese Shfijo Literature differs from their western counterpart in two ways ： （ 1 ） They are the self-construction of the young girl readers as a group; （2） They refused even to imitate patriarchal voice and directly entered the stage of self-discovery.