社会优位协商:美国民主党与社会的互动模式研究

Society-dominated Deliberation: On the Interaction Model of American Democratic Party and Society

美国民主党与社会的关系表现为一种社会优位协商模式。无论是在总统选举中还是在日常的非选举政治中,就民主党与社会关系而言,职业化社团都处于相对优势的地位。美国社会优位协商的实质是职业化社团的优位协商。社会优位协商模式在美国的形成主要归结于美国政党的虚弱性、美国社会的强自组织性以及美国的总统内阁制等因素。这种社会优位协商模式有其优点,即其代表了一种多元主义的理念,符合现代民主政治的理解。然而,这种社会优位协商模式也不是普遍适用的。对于发展中国家而言,这种社会优位协商模式可能是需要慎重选择的。同时,在美国模式中表现出的职业化社团倾向也需要审慎看待。

The relationship between US Democratic Party and society shows as a model of societydominated deliberation. In presi dential election or daily nonelection politics, with respect to the relationship between Democratic Party and society, professional social organizations are in the relative dominated position. The essence of American societydominated deliberation is the dominated delibera tion of professional social organization. The causes of the formation of this model are the weakness of American political parties, strong selforganization of American society and the presidential cabinet institution. This model represents an ideal of pluralism which conforms to the understanding of modem democratic politics. However, this model can not be generally used in all cases. As for developing coun tries, this model needs to be selected deliberately. At the same time, the tendency of professional social organization in US model needs to be treated carefully.