批判与超越:历史唯物主义视域下的“主—奴辩证法”

Criticism and Transcendence:Master-slave Dialectic from a Historical Materialism View

部分学者在"主—奴辩证法"中解读出"主人变成奴隶,奴隶转变成主人",纯属误解。基于唯物史观,从感性活动和历史的角度,对"主—奴辩证法"进行分析,将戳破"主—奴关系"反转的哲学神话;在黑格尔的表述中,奴隶并没有在现实中冒生命危险去实现自己的自由,而是倒向了斯多葛主义、怀疑主义与基督教主义,因而并没有"转变成主人"。"主—奴辩证法"作为黑格尔青年时期最深刻、最神圣的思想之一,其中的欲望论题、承认论题、死亡论题以及劳动论题,都成了后人汲取思想的重要资源。

It is purely a misinterpretation that some scholars unscramble ‘masters turned into slaves,and slaves turned into masters' from the master-slave dialectic.Based on the historical materialism,analyzing the master-slave dialectic from the perceptual activity and historical perspective will break the philosophy myth of master-slave relations inversion.According to Hegel's formulation,the slaves did not really take the risk of losing their lives to achieve their freedom,but threw themselves into the lap of stoicism,skepticism and Christianity,and so did not‘turn into masters'.As one of the most profound and sacred thoughts of young Hegel,the topics of Desire,Recognition,Death and Labor in the 'master-slave dialectic'all become important thought resources for the future generations.